V Slot vs T Slot​ Aluminum Extrusion: Key Differences

T slot vs V slot feature image 

Extruded aluminum components are used in various structural, robotics, framing, construction, and custom industrial applications. Typically, they are extruded in a V-slot or T slot profile to facilitate the joining between multiple profiles. Both of these slot profiles provide strength and flexibility in assembly.

Although both T and V slots serve the same primary function of joining compatibility, V slots are also useful for installing guide rails for linear motion control. Subsequently, there are many other differences; understanding them might be helpful to evaluate their characteristics and choose the right slot profile for your project.

This article will elaborate on V slot Vs T slot, including their geometry, advantages, disadvantages, and application scenarios.

What is a T Slot in Aluminum Extrusion?

T slot aluminum extrusion

“T slots “ in aluminium extrusion refer to a T-shaped groove on the extruded profile throughout the length. You can also see the T-shaped cross-section view on the profiles. The cross-sectional view involves a narrow hole at the top, followed by the T-shaped slots along the sides.  

They can be used to join/assemble different profiles with T-shaped fasteners, called T nuts. Meanwhile, with the T-slot connection, you can also disassemble the connections. The T-shaped bolt head fits into the slot mouth and locks the joint. For positioning the nuts, slide and tighten them.

Applications of T slot joints 

You can find T-slot assemblies in the structural frames of machines, automated devices, modular furniture, and conveyor supports. It offers a strong mechanical connection, modular flexibility, and easy customizations. 

Advantages

• Simple Joining: You can simply assemble the profiles with T-nuts and bolts in a short time. The disassembly or modification is also straightforward. 
• Modification: You can add or reduce the assembly of structural frames without any further drilling, riveting, or welding. So, T-joints are flexible and easy to customize. 
• Lightweight: First, aluminum is a lighter metal itself. Additionally, due to the geometry of the profile design, you can further reduce the weight.
• Lower Costs: The lower weight and simple extrusion geometry make T-slots aluminm cost-effective.
• Corrosion Resistant: The assembly joints are neat and cleaner,  which makes the T slots aluminium resistant to corrosion. 
• Secured Connection:  Different types of components can be joined with T-slot nuts without compromising the strength of the connection. 

Disadvantages

• Unlike V-slots, these are not suitable for linear motion without separate arrangements. 
• T-slots are not suitable if the structure/equipment needs to move frequently on the floor. 
• The components require frequent maintenance and re-fastening to maintain the structural integrity.

What is a V Slot in Aluminum Extrusion?

V slot aluminum extrusion

Another type of profile in aluminum extrusion that allows for the assembly of multiple profiles and can fit movable wheels (guide rails) & bearings inside the slot profile. The cross-section of the slot involves the V-shaped grooves having a bevelled edge.

V slot extruded aluminum is popular for various custom parts like frames, structures, and linear motion control applications. You might have noticed the base frame under different machines with a linear guide rail to move the machines on the floor—for example, 3D printing & CNC machines.

Application of V-slot extrusion 

The fastening is similar to t slot extruded aluminum, whereas the angled V-groove allows for the formation of a strong, low-friction rolling of linear guides. It accommodates the t slot fasteners and fits within the slot, whereas the undercut prevents rotation. When the bolt or screw is tightened into the nut, the clamping force presses the connected component firmly against the extrusion surfaces and creates a strong, adjustable joint.

Advantages 

• Linear Motion System: V-slots can accommodate wheels or bearings in the groove, which makes them ideal to uses for use in linear motion systems. 
• Modular Structure: You can easily customize or change the structure without heavy machining or assembly work, simply with nuts and some other tools. 
• Low Weight:  Robotics, CNC printers, and many other applications use V-slo aluminum for low weight and precise movement. 
• High Accuracy: The wheels perfectly fit into the V-groove and do not deviate, allowing for accurate & consistent movement. 

Disadvantages 

• V-slot extrusion is relatively expensive due to angled grooves, especially for small batches and prototyping. 
• Due to limited strength, the V slot joints are not applicable for heavy-duty applications.
• A precise alignment is needed between surface and wheel; otherwise, friction increases. 

Key Differences Between V and T Slot Aluminum

T Slot Vs V Slot

Besides their cross-sectional view and shape of the slot, there are many other differences between V and T slot aluminum profiles. The differentiation can be seen in their specialized functionalities, performance, customization flexibility, and cost.

Let’s make a head-to-head comparison of V Slot vs T slot.

• Profile Cross Section 

As said previously, the cross-section looks like a letter T and a letter V, respectively. T-slots contain a groove with a flat bottom and straight sides, followed by a narrow opening and a wide undercut beneath. On the other hand, the V-groove includes angled sides that accommodate and fit movable V-wheels.

• Ease of Assembly 

Although V slots can accommodate linear wheels or bearings, it is not as flexible as T slots when it comes to assembly. Consequently, T slots are also more flexible in customization, you can use a diverse range of connectors for joining. On the other hand, V grooves might need additional tools and accessories along with the T nuts for fastening.

• Functionality & Applications 

Strong and rigid structures are more preferred for T slot joining, whereas V slots are ideal for flexible and movable components. It means V slot extruded profiles are for specialized applications. For example, 3D printer frames, pick & pick up machines, camera sliders, etc. 

On the other hand, T sots have more diverse applications. Some notable examples are automation systems, robotics, conveyor systems, machinery bases, and machine guards.  

• Cost Comparison 

V-slot extruded aluminum is costlier, in terms of both material and fitting complexity. They are for specialized systems of equipment. On the other hand, T slot extrusion is more common and cost-effective. The reasons why V slot extrusion is costlier are the complex V-groove geometry, higher precision requirements, and production time.

Types of T-Slots and V-Slots 

The slot profile series refers to the size of the cross-section. Based on this, both T & V slots have different types. Some of the standard series are 20, 30, 40, 45, and 60. As the series increases, the slot width and cross-section size both increase.

The table below outlines different series types of V slots and T slots. 

V Slot Vs T Slot: Considerations for Selection

Choosing between V and T slots while making aluminium extrusion profiles requires careful consideration of several factors, such as their features and application requirements. You can consider desired joint strength, compatibility with hardware, cost, and ease of assembly. 

The list below further breaks down the key considerations.

• Groove Design: T-shaped grooves are easier to fasten, whereas V grooves are complex but can guide linear motion. 
• Strength of Joints: T-slots can assemble profiles with more structurally robust joints, whereas. So, choose T-slots for heavy-duty loads(static).
• Ease of Assembly: Again, T-slots are easier to assemble and disassemble; they provide flexibility, and simple T-nuts would be enough for fastening.
• Linear Movement: If you need any linear guide rail, choose V slot profiles. 

Furthermore, you can use both T slot and V slot aluminum in a single system. This way, you can leverage robust structural joints with a T slot profile and smooth linear motion with V slots.

Conclusion 

Choosing the right type of slot profile ensures the desired strength, performance, and flexibility. You can make the right decision after understanding their features and limitations, which we have discussed in this article. However, extrusion quality, groove accuracy, and finish also impact the final results of assembly. Therefore, you need to choose a reliable manufacturer.

ProleanTech provides custom aluminum extrusion services for both V and T slot profiles, and we can also handle complex assemblies. To get an accurate quote, upload your design today & contact with our experts.

FAQs

What is a T-Slot used for?

T-slots in extruded aluminum profiles allow joining individual extruded components into a single structure, machine, or system. External brackets and fasteners are used for this. 

What is a V-slot?

As the name suggests, they are V-shaped grooves in extruded aluminum. They are used for structural assembly and a linear guide rail in various applications. 

How strong are T slots?

T-slots are known for their strength and load-bearing capacity. Series like 40 and 45 can be used in heavy-duty applications, 

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